Colon Cancer Awareness Month: Early Detection could Cure Nine out of Ten Cases

Raising Awareness about Colon Cancer: Early detection could potentially lead to successful treatment in nine out of every ten cases

Colon Cancer: A Silent Killer

Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a malignant tumor developing in the large intestine, comprising the colon and rectum. In Argentina, it holds the grim distinction of being the second most common and lethal cancer. According to Dr. Fernando Bugallo, president of the Argentine Society of Coloproctology (SACP), “Colon cancer is silent in its early stages, but with preventive studies like colonoscopy, it can be detected in time and complications can be avoided.”

Identifying the Risk Factors

The SACP is leading a campaign to raise awareness about colon cancer, emphasizing the importance of early detection and prevention. According to Bugallo, 90% of cases are curable if detected early. Risk factors include family history, age, certain diseases like ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, a diet low in fiber and nutrients, and the use of toxic substances such as cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs.

Recognizing the Symptoms

In the initial stages, colon cancer is asymptomatic. However, in more advanced stages, patients may experience changes in bowel rhythm, bleeding in stools, frequent abdominal discomfort, and unexplained weight loss. Lifestyle factors, such as obesity and a diet high in red meat and processed meats, can increase the risk of colorectal cancer. On the other hand, maintaining a healthy weight and managing conditions like type 2 diabetes can help reduce the risk.

Prevention and Treatment

Early diagnosis is crucial and can be achieved through a colonoscopy, where the intestine is examined through a camera, allowing for biopsies and the removal of potential cancerous lesions. Other tests like CT colonography may be necessary in certain cases. The SACP survey reveals a significant drop in consultations and surgeries for colorectal cancer between March and August 2020, due to COVID-19 restrictions, emphasizing the need for ongoing awareness and prevention campaigns.

Preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of developing colon cancer and include regular physical activity, consumption of whole grains, increasing dietary fiber, consuming more dairy products, and eating more fish. Treatment may involve surgery to remove the affected part of the tumor, followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy to ensure the elimination of cancer cells.